Rotation 2 – Rotation Reflection

Interpersonal challenges and how you addressed them
I found myself sympathizing with the younger patients that were admitted to our unit. I felt saddened by their psychiatric issues, as well as their history which often included abandonment, suicidal ideations/actions, and/or sexual/physical abuse. To address this, I was taught by the staff to do regular “check-ins” with myself. I should reflect on the information that I gather from patients, and see if or how it affects me. For example, when hearing about abuse, I take a few seconds to myself to acknowledge that it makes me sad and perhaps uncomfortable to hear, and then remind myself that part of my role is to comfort that patient and be present for them to unpack their problems. With this understood, then I can move on and continue the consult. Then after talking with the patient, I would take some additional time to myself to regroup, as well as discuss any issues I have with my peers.

What did you learn about yourself during this 5-week rotation?
During this rotation, I learned that although I find learning about psychiatric disorders interesting, I enjoy learning and practicing medicine more. During the morning meetings, I found myself more in tune and curious regarding the presentation of psychiatric patients that have comorbid medical issues. There was also a time during an initial evaluation, where the patient described having a headache and ringing in her ears, and I found myself automatically wanting to go investigate that complaint. In another incident, one of our patients with a history of strokes and TBI, had just started on antipsychotics and lost consciousness within a few hours after. I was able to help out with getting the patient awake, to getting equipment and supplies, and observe the rapid response team when they arrived when the code was called. With these experiences at the psychiatric unit, it started making sense why my PA professors had said that rotations help point us in the direction of which fields we would want to work in. I learned that inpatient psychiatry is one speciality than I can cross off my list.

How your perspective may have changed as a result of this rotation (e.g. elderly patients, kids, IV drug users, etc)
When I first started my psychiatry rotation, I was shell-shocked. I knew about the existence of out-patient psychiatry; however I did not know that hospitals contained in-patient units with patients kept for days-years at a time for stabilization and observation. My first day on the unit, I was extremely uncomfortable. The staff that I worked with were located in a small office with windows, where patients walking in the hallway would often peer into. There was an agitated patient screaming in the hallway, and the unit had to call a code to restrain and sedate the patient. There was also a patient who presented as mute, at times was clapping and smiling to herself, as well as pressing her arms up against the glass of our office while looking at no particular member within. My impression of these psychiatric patients were that they were all unstable, dangerous, and that I was “fresh meat” for the patients to mess with. 

I only left the office when I was in the company of the other staff (ie: psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker) initially, since I feared the patients within this new environment. However, as the rotation went on, I found this fear to be unfounded. Not all the patients had violent tendencies, and if there were any agitated patients, there were protocols and sedation medications ready. Because of this, the unit was relatively safe. It was also surprising to see patients from when they were first admitted, to when they were ready to be discharged. They would initially come in depressed, in distress, disorganized, and/or demanding to be discharged; and many left at a better state of mind, and with kind words. It was also eye opening to learn that even the most ill patients, could share similar goals and values as any mentally-stable individual.

What was a memorable patient or experience that I’ll carry with me?
There was a patient who arrived to the unit a month prior to me starting the rotation. I learned that the patient had a past diagnosis of schizophrenia and had discontinued her medication for a few months. In morning meetings, the only updates mentioned was that she remained in her room, was guarded, refused medications, did not engage with the staff, and was still paranoid that her family and husband were imposters (Capgras delusions). It was not until the treatment team won a court case for permission to give the patient “treatment over objection”, that improvement was seen in the patient’s presentation. She started coming out of her room, and pacing the hallway, while wearing her hospital clothes and a beige wool beanie pulled over her eyes and ears. As the days went on, the patient started wearing her beanie higher on her head, and attending activity groups with the other patients on the floor. I found this patient mysterious, and decided to join her during one of the art therapy groups. I sat across from her, fascinated, as I noticed a pile of her sketches and doodles. Some drawings were large, others were small; some colored, some in black and white; some cartoon, some extremely realistic. The patient did not even seem to notice me join her as she was working on yet another art piece. I casually asked if she drew all of these sketches, and to my surprise, she looked up at me, smiled, and started engaging in conversation.

This patient will always be memorable to me because I had the privilege of witnessing her improvement on the unit. We were also able to establish rapport, where she allowed me to learn about her past, previous hospitalizations, and her insight on the circumstances that led up to her current hospital admission. Part of what she disclosed to me was that she is in an arranged marriage, never wanted to be married, and had sought divorce a few years ago, only to be sent to the hospital. Learning this made me wonder if she never actually had true Capgras delusions, but simply did not want to address her partner as her “husband” any longer. (But of course, there are probably additional complicating details she had not shared). Up until the end of my rotation, she had not engaged with her psychologist nor social worker. I found this to be tragic, because without meeting with those key members of her treatment team, she is missing out on being able to work through her beliefs, and her discharge date/plan are yet to be determined. 

Rotation 2 – Site Visit Summary

My site evaluation was performed via FaceTime due to the COVID-19 scare. In the beginning, I was to present one of my History & Physicals, and shared my assessment and treatment plan for the patient. The reason I picked to present this patient was because I had a great consult with her, as she was a reliable historian, well educated (an algebra high school teacher), and had good insight on her prescription drug (Adderall) abuse. Besides the patient taking Adderall for her self-reported ADHD, the patient was also on medications for anxiety and depression. The site evaluator’s feedback resulted in good learning points. In my treatment plan, I explained to discontinue the Adderall, and continue the other medications. I was told that the treatment team should have also informed the Adderall prescriber of the patient’s abuse, and to ask for their cooperation in discontinuing the medication. Additionally, since the patient did not seem to present with depressive nor anxiety symptoms, the treatment team could have considered discontinuing those respective medications as well, and continue monitoring the patient on the unit. Towards the end of the meeting, I also presented a journal article regarding exercises that incorporated meditative movements, and its effectiveness in treating patients with Major Depressive Disorder. We discussed that as ideal as this “treatment” sounds, there is still the same issue of non-adherence as any other treatment for MDD (ie: psychotherapy and antidepressants).

Rotation 2 – Journal Article

Melinda Chiu PA-S
Elmhurst Hospital Psychiatry Rotation

Effects of Meditative Movements on Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

By: Liye Zou, Albert Yeung, Chunxiao Li, Gao-Xia Wei, Kevin W. Chen, Patricia Anne Kinser, Jessie S. M. Chan, Zhanbing Ren
Published: 1 August 2018
PDF: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6111244/pdf/jcm-07-00195.pdf

During my time at Elmhurst Hospital Inpatient Psychiatry, there were many patients who presented with some degree of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). I found this journal article interesting, because it described a different approach to MDD, compared to the traditional model of pharmacological therapy with psychotherapy. The article had described that psychotherapy may be time consuming. Additionally, medications can put patients at risk of adverse effects, which could discourage them from continuing the treatment. Also, if patients needed adjustments in dosages, or a complete change of medication, they may feel burdened with needing to meet with their psychiatrists. Studies were cited to show that patients with MDD being treated with antidepressants had “poor compliance, high dropout rates, and low remission rates”. 

The article described the systematic review and meta analysis performed, that covered exercise (ie: strength training, swimming, stretching exercise) in MDD. The authors wanted to look into “meditative exercise,” which included meditative movements dealing with stretching of the musculoskeletal system, meditation, as well as breathing techniques. The top 3 exercises that fit into this category were Tai Chi, Yoga, and Qigong. The article’s purpose was to provide a systematic review that evaluated these 3 exercises in the treatment of MDD. Six databases were searched for relevant articles. 16 RCT fit the inclusion criteria. The findings suggested that the meditative movements can have a positive effect in MDD treatment. The exercises are relatively safe, easy to perform and get access to, as well less severe adverse effects than medications. They were also most effective when performed under the instruction of a trainer in combination with self-practicing, rather than either alone. The article suggests that the movements can be used as an alternative, or an add-on, to the traditional MDD treatments.